Sexual Rape And Sexual Assault - 987 Words

Sexual abuse is a very sensitive and serious issue in United States, yet as well as other counties. Although we all live in a modern civilize world, we hear more and more about this unpleasant affairs happening all the time, and it seem like these problems are only increasing in every country. Therefore, each nation have their own legal definition and law of sexual assault. The following information is an example of a legal definition and statistic of those countries. United States – In the U.S., there just has a new definition of rape which had published on January 1, 2013. According to FBI the new summary of rape is â€Å"Penetration, no matter how slight, of the vagina or anus with any body part or object, or oral penetration by a sex organ of another person, without the consent of the victim.† However, each state has their own explanation of rape and sexual assault, but will have the similar essence. Statistic has shown that 1 out of every 6 American women has been a victim of sexual attempted (14.8% completed rape; 2.8% attempted rape). Which means 17.7 million women have been a victims. About 3% or 1 in 33 men have faced this problem. (https://www.rainn.org/statistics) Iran – This country has a law that â€Å"if a women is raped she is considered an adulteress and faces death by stoning. But if a woman fights off and/or murdered rapist, she can be sentence to death.† (http://www.rozanehmagazine.com/JanFeb04/womeniran.html) Many married women has experienced sexual abuseShow MoreRelatedSexual Rape And Sexual Assault2248 Words   |  9 Pagesby sexual assault and are left, physically and mentally scarred. Sexual abuse can come in many different forms, such as; sexual harassment, stranger assault and a more under reported crime, such as date rape (Types of Sexual Assault). Date rape drugs are used in sexual assault; which is any type of sexual activity that a person does not agree upon (Date Rape Drug: Get the Facts on the Diffe rent Kinds). Anyone can be a victim of sexual assault regardless of their race, culture, gender, sexual orientationRead MoreRape And Sexual Assault And Rape1465 Words   |  6 PagesRape and sexual assault have been a growing epidemic not only in The United States, but all around the world as well. There are many stories based on these issues that also deal with something called date rape drugs. Rape, sexual assault, and date rape drugs are all very closely related and can all occur in the same situation. Date rape drugs can be used to lead to a sexual assault against someone and then possibly rape. These topics are all very serious because â€Å"There is an average of 207,754Read MoreRape And Sexual Assault And Rape955 Words   |  4 PagesRapes and sexual assaults have become issues more and more in our society. Society has become more aware of these types of crimes. For a long time, there was only rape, now it is less broad than just that. Individuals, government bodies an d school have all decided to work together and individually on lessening the crime. Studies have revealed many shocking statistics that have pushed society to act against these crimes. Below, I will be explaining what exactly is rape and sexual assault, how theyRead MoreThe Rape Of Sexual Assault895 Words   |  4 Pagescomprehend the simple meaning of the word no. Records of sexual assault are going through the roof, because of the fact people do not understand that no means no. The main victims of sexual assault are women and statics show one in four women have experienced unwanted sexual content. People come up with numerous excuses of why to blame the woman for the experiences they face, which is wrong and make women question themselves. Women who are sexual assaulted are judged by themselves and by our societyRead MoreSexual Assault, Rape, And Rape1644 Words   |  7 PagesSexual Assault Sexual coercion, sexual assault, and rape are acts of violence with numerous physical and mental health consequences (Helgeson, 430). It is important for future generations to be informed about these topics so that we can it prevent it from continuing. Sexual assaults are a rising problem for female teens on college campuses because of the discrepancies with the no means no policy, reoccurring problems with college fraternities, and today’s â€Å"rape† culture enabling sexual assault. ItRead MoreRape and Sexual Assault1997 Words   |  8 PagesRape and Sexual Assault Rape is a type of sexual assault usually involving sexual intercourse, which is initiated by one or more persons against another person without that person’s consent. The act maybe carried out by force, under threat, or with a person who is incapable with valid consent. The definition of rape varies both in different parts of the world and at different times in history. According to the American Medical Association, sexual violence, and rape in particular, is consideredRead MoreSexual Assault, Rape, And Rape858 Words   |  4 Pagesto voice their opinions on the issue. Parents who shop at Target are claiming that this new bathroom policy is unsafe for their children and that it’s putting them at risk for assault. My question is: Did sexual assault, rape, and molestation just now become a worrisome factor in these parent’s eyes’? I hope not. If a sexual predator wanted to target your child are the chances for that any higher after the policy change when e very parent is on alert and has their guard up? Probably not. Most of theRead MoreRape : A Victim Of Sexual Assault861 Words   |  4 PagesAnyone can be a victim of sexual assault. It does not matter what gender, age, economic class, religion, or race you are, because it can happen to anyone. According to one website, â€Å"Rape victims are doctors, lawyers, nurses, military personnel, cooks, accountants, students- anyone and everyone could be vulnerable to rape or sexual assault,† (â€Å"Rape Myths and Facts,† 2015). Therefore, yes males can be the victims of sexual assault, in fact one out of every 10 rape victims are male, (RAINN, 2016).Read MoreRape And Sexual Assault Rates942 Words   |  4 Pagesand Shields found that sexual assault rates are â€Å"3.1 to 4.4 times higher at the most permissive colleges and universities than their more restrictive counterparts†. The strict enforcing of alcohol bans can reduce sexual assault incidents. Socially regulate d environments such as those found in religious schools do in fact keep the incidents of rape and sexual assault down. However Richardson and Shields points out that this is not because these schools effectively condemned rape, but rather the restrictedRead MoreReporting Rape And Sexual Assault2577 Words   |  11 Pages Reporting Rape/Sexual Assault Prevented By: Psychological Barriers Created by Social Stigmas, Gender Views, and Law Enforcement Bias Victoria Veach University of Alabama Reporting Rape/Sexual Assault Prevented By: Psychological Barriers Created by Social Stigma, Gender Views, and Law Enforcement Bias Sexual assault and rape in common language are usually referred to as the same subject. The word sexual assault is the main category while rape is a specific entity within this category

Americ The American Dream - 936 Words

People from other nations come to the United States of America as a sign of change in their lives, but some people don’t agree with all nations are melted into a new race of men, whose labors and future generations will one day cause great change in the world. Many people come to America to live as a new person and in a new life. In the 1770s people from Europe and they had risked their lives just to get to the New World, which was America. They had settled, made homes, they even participated in town meetings and voting for specific laws which is similar today, such as citizenship. Many people take the test about the U.S. history to become citizens of America, to become an American. As well, the american dream brings many other people from other nations, however, religion isn’t similar, people had separate religions which may cause a dispute in the â€Å"Melting Pot Theory†. Furthermore, the American Dream has many different meanings for everyone, the concept of the American dream started out in the 1930’s and there was a book written about this concept. A good representation of the American dream is stated, in an article entitled American Dream, â€Å"The ideals of freedom, equality, and opportunity traditionally held to be available to every American.† (American Dream. dictionary.reference.com page ) Which means to have freedom from their own country where in the older times, Europeans wanted religious freedom, and have an opportunity in the â€Å"New World.† However, there are manyShow MoreRelatedThe Formation Of Americ The American Dream Essay1407 Words   |  6 PagesThe Formation of America In his book, The American Dream, Cullen describes the trends of the American Dream over the course of America’s history. These trends were a fundamental part of making America into the America we know today. These are the patterns that many people call on when promoting the fulfillment of the American Dream, so it is not surprising that they can be found in many books, presentations, and speeches. Both President Reagan and President Obama used these ideas to invoke strongRead MoreCaptain Americ The American Dream1341 Words   |  6 PagesCaptain America, AKA Steve Rodgers, exemplifies all the best qualities of America. He embodies the American dream. America continues to grow more diverse every day, yet still Steve remains the undying patriotic example of what it means to be American. The American dream in simple terms is the fulfillment of the ideals the America was founded on with equal respect. To go into more detail, the American Dream allows all people the rights of liberty, autonomy, justice, dignity, the pursuit of happiness,Read MoreIn A Postmodern Industrialized Nation Like The United States1424 Words   |  6 Pagesshould be given the opportunity to educate themselves and improve their social and economic position to the best of their ability. As Americans, we should have the right to make our own personal contribution to our society. This is the fabric that holds our nation together. It has been woven historically into our culture, and is what constitutes the American dream. Inscribed at the base of the Statue of Liberty is this poetic reminder, â€Å"Give me your tired, Your poor, your huddled masses yearningRead MoreA Brief Biography of Ana Sokolow1470 Words   |  6 Pagesthat they did not have the best relationship. Sokolow said that she couldn’t work for Graham under the conditions that she taught her dancers and that â€Å"Sokolow’s interest in exploring her own Russian-Jewish background clashed with Graham’s focus on Americ.† Sokolow definitely always felt like Horst had a great influence on her in that he â€Å"encouraged her to explore her own ideas in her compostions,† (Jewish Virtual Library). In the 1930’s, she aligned with a group known as the radical dance movementRead More African Minkisi and American Culture Essay6248 Words   |  25 PagesAfrican Minkisi and American Culture I. Introduction nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;African Minkisi have been used for hundreds of years in West Central Africa, This area where they are traditionally from was once known as the kingdom of Kongo, when Europeans started settling and trading with the BaKongo people. Kongo was a well-known state throughout much of the world by the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries. The BaKongo, however, had probably long used minkisi before ethnographers and anthropologists

Community Service Persuasive Essay - 1261 Words

What comes to your mind when you hear the word community? Does it excite you or does it make you cringe? One important question we should be asking in today’s society is whether community service is an opportunity to unite and help others or is it something we avoid for our selfish means? Society today illuminates the self and is primarily centered only on oneself. Thus, volunteering for the sake of helping others does is rare, unless it has personal benefits. People were once united and helped one another, but today the central focus has shifted from the community to oneself. People are only concerned about their life and future. Nowadays everyone is busy attempting to find their own lifestyle, in which they can succeed. In this path of†¦show more content†¦I had initially believed that these community hours were going to make me look better among other students applying. However, after working at the MCC for over two months, I recognized that my intentions were wro ng and selfish. I became aware of this because as I grew personal attachments with the kids that I was tutoring. Once I was became familiar with the kids, I was able to see how underprivileged they actually were. For example, I had found out that some of the families could barely even afford a meal a day. This fact changed my whole mindset because I decided that I was no longer going to do this community service for college and, instead, was going to do it for these kids. It is one thing to have a cousin who is starving than to have a stranger who is hungry and needs food. We tend to help those who we are well acquainted with, such as family or close friends. When we help family members or close friends, we dont get to fully understand the concept of helping someone. This is because the concept of helping others is to not only help those who are close to you, but help those whom you may not know. This can be achieved several different ways. One way is to travel to another country and help different children and families that are in desperate need of assistance. In most cases, when someone goes to another country to do community service for the underprivileged, a bond isShow MoreRelated3 Inherited Behaviors Essay1581 Words   |  7 PagesEssay on Three inherited Behaviors of E-tailing Communication 470 Michael Zarvos September, 5, 2012 By: Aisha Syed E-commerce or Electronic Commerce has become a part of our everyday lives. The growth of World Wide Web is growing, more and more each day. Businesses practicallyRead MoreWhy I Learned For Writing An Essay1123 Words   |  5 PagesI learned a very broad variety of English skills in my English 101 class. From the time of doing research before writing an essay, I wrote from the reader’s perspective, considering first what the reader would benefit from hearing. I discovered methods of writing so that the reader would be able to easily follow my ideas and notice the connection between them. Along with that, I learned to actively read what others wrote, alter my writing based off it, and courageously participate in the academicRead MorePersuasive Essay Topics1228 Words   |  5 Pages101 Persuasive Essay Topics By: Mr. Morton Whether you are a student in need of a persuasive essay topic, or a teacher looking to assign a persuasive essay, this list of 101 persuasive essay topics should be a great resource. I taxed my brain to create this huge list of persuasive essay topics relevant to todays society, but I believe I am happy with the results. I appreciate any and all comments or feedback. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20. 21. 22. 23. 24Read MoreEssay about Persuasive Speech: The Benefits of Volunteering1127 Words   |  5 Pagesanyone ever stopped to help you when you were in need? How did it make you feel? B. Thesis Statement: Volunteering in your local community will help those around you and help you feel like you have contributed something positive and it is easier than most people think. C. Speaker Credibility Statement: If we all did our part to help those in need, our community would be a better and safer place to live. By doing this, we can achieve a greater sense of accomplishment. I try and do five or sixRead MoreLanguage Arts Skills During My English 101 Class1688 Words   |  7 Pagesskills in my English 101 class. Upon starting this class, I assumed that this would simply be a class to get everyone at Highline College, a diverse college with many people who have English as their second language, the ability to write structured essays about what they’ve read. Although this class certainly did do that, it also did much more to increase students’ language arts abilities. I learned that despite writing normally being a solitary activity, someone generally writes to participate inRead MoreWal Mart : A Necessary Evil? Essay975 Words   |  4 Pagesamount of funding and private studies to see that Wal-Mart is a widely successful corporation that offe rs cheaper prices than their competitors. In Jack and Suzy Welch’s essay they argue that we should support businesses that help individuals, communities and whole economies prosper, they claim that, â€Å"Wal-Mart helps individuals, communities, and whole economies prosper† (161), so we should support Wal-Mart. On the other hand, Paul Krugman argues that we should not support businesses that pay badly andRead MoreDumpster Diving Lars Eighner Analysis1280 Words   |  6 Pagesthe most prominently in his book to prove he is credible, followed by an appeal to logos by applying logic and pathos using stories. According to the essay, â€Å"The Appeals: Ethos, Pathos, and Logos†, the audience is persuaded on, â€Å"Our perception of a speaker or writer’s character influences.† Also known as ethos. Eighner’s most noticeable persuasive appeal is ethos. He does not ask for the audience to pity him and his lifestyle because he writes that Dumpster diving is, â€Å"a sound and honorable nicheRead MorePersuasion Theory is Using Messages to Influence Others1346 Words   |  5 Pagesand â€Å"value†, which refers to what people think is, true or false and right or wrong. When someone asks, Do you believe in ghosts? they are implying that it is a fact that ghosts exist and want to know if it is true for you too. Another important persuasive communication definition to be aware of is attitude. When a person says, What is your attitude toward gay marriage? they want to know if you are favorable or not to the recent policies around this particular issue. People can have attitudesRead MorePersuasive Essay on Building of Rec. Center971 Words   |  4 PagesTeen Activity Persuasive Essay By: Eduardo Gutierrez Teens in todays society are often at risk of abusing substances, getting into trouble, and causing violent scenes. They also are still trying to discover who they are, what interests them, who to hang around with, and just discover themselves. But an issue people debate about is the actions that teens choose to do. Many teens often hangout in groups at a variety of locations such as houses, parks, the mall, and other places such as a recreationalRead MoreMember of the Wedding by Carson Mccullers - Context Essay (Expository)1748 Words   |  7 Pageswhen we form connections with others, and that without these relations, a sense of existence is hard to establish. Indian leader and renowned philosopher, Mahatma Gandhi, once claimed that â€Å"the best way to find yourself is to lose yourself in the service of others.† Like most people, Gandhi acknowledges that the need to belong is an innate predisposition in all humans, and firmly believes that this acts as a catalyst for s elf-discovery. In the novel ‘The Member of The Wedding’ by Carson McCullers

Essay on The Romantic Side of Edgar Allan Poe - 1061 Words

Anyone who enjoys literature or movies has the Romantics of the 19th century to thank. The romantic ideals are now so engraved in this societies thinking that most don’t even realize that it is romantic thinking at all. Almost every movie or book nowadays has a trace of romanticism in it. Romanticism started around the 1800’s as a contradiction to rationalism. Rationalism was a thinking that attempted to use rational thinking and reason to solve the problems being faces at its time. Romanticism is basically the opposite of those thoughts. Romanticism is described as, a revolt against Rationalism that affected literature and the other arts, beginning in the late eighteenth century.(Elements of Literature, Page 1179). Romanticism bases†¦show more content†¦A man decides to follow a random person in Poe’s, â€Å"The Man of the Crowd†. These few stories and more show Poe’s immense creativity. Not only does Poe show creativity, but the character s in his stories do also. The Romantics were also very interested in the supernatural. This was evident in a couple of Poe’s stories as well. In â€Å"Ligeia†, the narrator sees a ghost, which is part of the supernatural world. Romantics were just starting to appreciate and understand the power of the mind. Not much was known about psychology and Poe uncovered many things about the human brain in his stories. In â€Å"The Raven†, for example, the narrator just lost a loved one and sees hallucinations and experiences hysteria. These are symptoms of schizophrenia which can be triggered by the death of a loved one. Dr. Corcoran and Dr. Malaspina say: â€Å"For a patient with schizophrenia, the death of a parent or other loved one†¦ can trigger anxiety, depression and psychotic episodes† (4). This proves that Poe could have been writing about somebody with schizophrenia, weather he did it on purpose or not. Throughout, the rest of Poe’s work, ther e is common theme of human madness. For example, as mentioned before, in â€Å"The Tell-Tale Heart†, Poe writes of a man who murdered somebody because of his eye color which is completely crazy. The Romantic era focused on the human imagination and the power of the mind, Poe tookShow MoreRelatedEdgar Allan Poe s The Haunted Palace Essay943 Words   |  4 PagesEdgar Allan Poe: The Haunted Palace Edgar Allan Poe is a classic name in literature and is known for many of his works. Most of his works reflect one s thoughts, emotions and life. Many of his works fall under the category of Gothic literature, which is a combination of horror, death, and a little romance. Edgar Allan Poe s poem The Haunted Palace is a perfect example of Gothic literature, that also has a twist on romance. The Haunted Palace is one of Poe s most explicitly allegoricalRead MoreAnalysis Of The Writings Of Washington Irving, Nathaniel Hawthorne, And Edgar Allan Poe1335 Words   |  6 Pages Review of writings of Washington Irving, Nathaniel Hawthorne, and Edgar Allan Poe. By Mantegbosh Letyibelu Irving, Poe, and Hawthorne were arguably some of the most popular writers of the 19th century (Dincer 223; Lauter 2505). All three of them are known for their short essays and their advocacy to make writing a full-fledged and legitimate profession. Their writings show that they were hugely influenced by the Romantic Movement (romanticism); ‘a movement in art, literature, music, philosophyRead MoreThe Dark Romanticism Of Edgar Allan Poe1497 Words   |  6 PagesEdgar Allan Poe was a prominent writer during the era of Romanticism, but Poe’s poems focused primarily on the Dark Romanticism, developed under Romanticism. The era of Romanticism was commonly described as showing raw emotion, but there was still a conflict in the story. The purpose of Romanticism was for the writer to feel free; there were no rules when it came to this form of writing. Dark Romanticism was looking at the gothic side of stories rather than the heroism stories, which focused moreRead MoreEssay on Edgar Allan Poe: Youth, Beauty, and Death697 Words   |  3 PagesThe relationship with Edgar Allan Poe and the woman in his life – his mother, adoptive mother, and wife, Virginia Clemm – were disastrous (DiLorenzo). Yet, they provided the inspiration for some of the best gothic pieces to date. Poe often combines the romantic, long lasting love in fairy tales and the hard truth of real life. Such elements are portrayed within â€Å"Annabel Lee† and â€Å"Ulalume†. His poems refrain from creating a false paradise, and instead represent an allegory of his tribulations – theRead MoreEdgar Allan Poe792 Words   |  4 Pagesauthor, Edgar Allan Poe, on Sunday October 7, 1849. In Massachusetts on the 19th day of January in the year 1809, Edgar Poe was born to actress Elizabeth Arnold Hopkins Poe and actor David Poe Junior, making him an older brother to Rosalie Poe, and a younger one to William Henry Leonard Poe. Poe may, perchance, have been named aft er a character in the play that his parents were performing that year. He was never formally adopted, however, Edgar Poe was renamed Edgar Allan Poe when the John Allan familyRead MoreThe Power Of Dark Love1217 Words   |  5 Pagesperfectly pure and good† (Browning, lines 36-37). Both Robert Browning and Edgar Allan Poe share a love for the themes of obsession, desire, and complicated love. Each of those three themes play an important role in dark love poetry. Each poet describes the main character in their poems as a woman worthy of the speaker’s obsessive, complicated, and desirable love. Both Robert Browning’s tragic â€Å"Porphyria’s Lover† and Edgar Allan Poe’s mysterious â€Å"Annabel Lee† explore the theme of dark and obsessive loveRead MoreLiterary Critics Of Edgar Allan Poe1693 Words   |  7 PagesEdgar Allan Poe is credited to be one of the best writers, editors, and literary critics of all time. His poetry and short stor ies are what majority of people recognize him for. His long and intriguing stories about mystery and the macabre are just some examples of his classic writings. At first, Edgar Allan Poe was referred to as the inventor of the modern detective story and a specialist in the science fiction genre. It was not until later in his life that people began to acknowledge him as oneRead MoreTragedies Influence Poes Works749 Words   |  3 PagesIntroduced by tragedies early in his life, Edgar Allan Poe became one of the most successful writers, poets, and storytellers to ever live. Edgar Allan Poe had the intelligence to do anything he wanted to do, however, the pain of losing his loved ones always seemed to drive him towards a pen and paper. His emotions never failed to show through his writings, which helped the story line touch the readers. Poe became very close to several different women but each would die shortly after he came to loveRead MoreEdgar Allan Poe And The Cask Of Amontillado13 84 Words   |  6 PagesWhat makes Edgar Allan Poe work unique? Other than being a strange individual, Poe has become a remarkable literature writer. The Raven, Annabel Lee, and The Cask of Amontillado are just a few of Poe’s work that staples the theme of gothic literature. This essay will allow you to see the gothic elements Edgar Allan Poe uses through his most common poems. Gothic literature has many elements which play into its definition. The actual definition is a style of writing that is characterized by elementsRead More Edgar Allan Poe - Mr. Pessimistic Essay1034 Words   |  5 PagesEdgar Allan Poe - Mr. Pessimistic Some people always look at the bad side of things instead of the good side. This is called pessimism. Edgar Allan Poe could be recognized as the king of pessimism. He is known for his tales of the mysterious and macabre. His dark and twisted works are filled with pessimism. Poe was a person who had faced many troubling experiences throughout his life. To escape from his saddened world, Poe drank and wrote short stories and poems with a pessimistic outlook. Being

What exactly is an ageing population Free Essays

An ageing population id one in which the proportion of older people is increasing. This group of elderly people are those who have passed the age of retirement and depend on pensions as their main source of income. The old age dependency ration is calculated by (Elderly Population 65+ / Working Population 15-64) x 100. We will write a custom essay sample on What exactly is an ageing population? or any similar topic only for you Order Now Ageing populations are a factor of reductions in both birth and death rates due to technological and economic progress. An ageing population means the proportion of older people is increasing, which causes an increase in the dependency ratio. Social Impacts: 1. Increased pressure on public services – Greater demand for services such as hospitals and hospices, and therefore more are needed to care for the elderly, so more carers and nurses will need training. Some families will choose to care for their own relatives, putting pressure on the, socially and financially. 2. Unequal distribution of the elderly – e.g. Eastbourne has a high proportion of older people and may have inadequate facilities for young people as a consequence, such as bars and youth clubs. 3. Reduced population growth or population decline – The working population may have fewer children as they already have older dependants, leading to a reduction in birth rate. 4. Longer working life- The state pension is low because there are so many retired people, so therefore some may have to work beyond normal retirement age to build up personal pensions or savings, or to add to their income from their state pension. Economic Impacts: 1. Reduced work force- Smaller proportion of the population is working, which may slow economic growth 2. Increased taxes – A greater proportion are claiming pensions and support paid for by taxes, therefore this could mean higher taxes for the working population. 3. Spending – The elderly often have savings and pensions to spend within the economy. Strategies to Manage Ageing Populations: 1. Encouraging larger families – Should result in a larger future working population to provide taxes for better pensions and services 2. Raising retirement age – The working population is made large, so more people contribute to the state pension fund and to personal pensions. People will also claim the state pension for less time. 3. Encouraging the immigration of working-age people – This increases the working-age population; this helps to support the ageing population by paying taxes. 4. Increasing health care provision – Helps to easy the problem of poor health in the elderly. UK Case Study The UK has an ageing population where people over 65 make up a large part of the population. Reasons: 1. Increasing life expectancy – Currently 81.3 for women and 76.9 for men. 2. Baby Booms – Lots of babies were born during 1940’s and 1960’s and as this generation is beginning to retire and there are an increasing number of elderly people. 3. Falling birth rate – There are few younger people, so the proportion of older people is greater. Problems: 1. Pressure on the pension system – Today 60% of the working population are paying taxes to support a 16% retirement age population, but by 2030 there will be 56% of the working age population to support a 27% retirement age population. 2. More elderly people living in poverty – The state pension is not very large, and many to do not have other savings but the working population isn’t large enough to provide a larger pension. 3. Pressure on the health service – Older people need more medical care than younger people. East Devon: It is an attractive settlement for the elderly due to climate, low crime rates, scenery, other elderly people, with a population of 125,000 and a dependency ratio of 53.8%. The elderly are however putting pressures on more pension payments required, housing needs and health care. East Devon is a dispersed settlement and therefore limited public transport causes isolation amongst the elderly who are unable to travel privately for whatever reason. The elderly do however make large contributions economically (the grey pound where in 2005 Â £215billion was spent for particular needs paid by the elderly, such as for travel and leisure), and socially in terms of as volunteers and as carers for relatives who would be unable to afford child care otherwise. To manage this ageing population the East Devon council has put management strategies in place: 1. Housing – Maintained secure accommodation, warden care, adapted housing (e.g. plugs and taps as hip level to avoid having to bend over), and sheltered housing for the opportunity for socialising. 2. Health Services – Cost effective to keep the less sick at home for many deteriorative type illnesses (which puts additional pressures on care staff who do low paid work), and there has been some need for sheltered accommodation/therapy created. 3. Services and Amenities – New leisure facilities to keep the elderly healthy in terms of physical and mental wellbeing, and new social environments/clubs. Charities are also vital to supporting this. 4. Transport Services – New buses in rural environments that personally pick up individuals from their homes to take them into town to go shopping. How to cite What exactly is an ageing population?, Papers

Introduction to Oracle 9i Sql Chapter 4-10 free essay sample

Introduction to Oracle 9i: SQL Name: _______ Junel L Cofino Table of Contents Introduction: I-7 Relational and Object Relational Database Management System I-10 System Development Life Cycle I-12 Relational Database Concept I-20 Relational Database Properties I-24 Tables used in the course Chapter 1: Writing Basic SELECT SQL Statements 1-4- Basic Select Statement 1-5- Selecting All Columns 1-6- Selecting Specific Columns 1-7- Writing SQL Statements 1-8- Column Heading Defaults 1-9- Arithmetic Expressions 1-15- Null Values in Arithmetic Expressions 1-16- Defining A Column Alias -17- Using Column Alias 1-18- Concatenation Operator 1-19- Using Concatenation Operator 1-22- Duplicate Rows 1-23- Eliminating Duplicate Rows Chapter 2: Restricting and Sorting Data 2-4-Limiting the Rows Selected 2-5-Using WHERE Clause 2-6- Character Strings and Dates 2-7- Comparison Conditions 2-8- Using Comparison Conditions 2-9- Other Comparison Conditions 2-10- Using the BETWEEN Condition 2-11- Using t he IN Condition 2-13- Using the LIKE Condition 2-14- Using the NULL Condition 2-15- Logical Conditions 2-16- Using AND Operator 2-17- Using OR Operator 2-18- Using NOT Operator 2-23- Sorting in Descending Order -24- Sorting by Column Alias 2-25- Sorting by Multiple Columns Chapter 3: Single Row Functions 3-3- SQL Functions 3-4- Two Types of SQL Functions 3-5- Single Row Functions 3-6- Single Row Functions 3-8- Character Functions 3-9- Case Manipulation Functions 3-11- Character Manipulation Functions 3-13- Number Functions 3-14- Using ROUND Functions 3-15- Using TRUNC Functions 3-16- Using MOD Functions 3-17- Working with Dates 3-18- Working with Dates 3-23- Arithmetic with Dates 3-25- Conversion Functions 3-26- Implicit Data Type Conversion 3-27- Implicit Data Type Conversion 3-28- Explicit Data Type Conversion -31- Using the TO_CHAR Function with Dates 3-32- Elements of the Date Format Model 3-52- Conditional Expression 3-53- The CASE Expression 3-54- Using the CASE Expression 3-5 5- The DECODE Function 3-56- Using the DECODE Function Chapter 4 Displaying Data from Multiple Tables Joining Tables Using Oracle Syntax Use a join to query data from more than one table. SELECTtable1. column, table2. column FROMtable1, table2 WHEREtable1. column1 = table2. column2; * Write the join condition in the WHERE clause. * Prefix the column name with the table name when the same column name appears in more than one table. 4-7 Retrieving Records with Equijoins SELECT employees. employee_id, employees. last_name, employees. department_id, departments. department_id, departments. location_id FROM employees, departments WHERE employees. department_id = departments. department_id; Using Table Aliases * Simplify queries by using table aliases. * Improve performance by using table prefixes. SELECT e. employee_id, e. last_name, e. department_id, d. department_id, d. location_id FROM employees e , departments d WHERE e. department_id = d. department_id; 4-12 Joining Tables Using SQL: 1999 Syntax Use a join to query data from more than one table. SELECT table1. column, table2. column FROM table1 [CROSS JOIN table2] | [NATURAL JOIN table2] | [JOIN table2 USING (column_name)] | [JOIN table2 ON(table1. column_name = table2. column_name)] | [LEFT|RIGHT|FULL OUTER JOIN table2 ON (table1. column_name = table2. column_name)]; Creating Cross Joins * The CROSS JOIN clause produces the cross-product of two tables. * This is the same as a Cartesian product between the two tables. * SELECT last_name, department_name FROM employees CROSS JOIN departments ; 4-23 Retrieving Records with Natural Joins SELECT department_id, department_name, location_id, city FROM departments NATURAL JOIN locations ; Retrieving Records with the USING Clause SELECT e. employee_id, e. last_name, d. location_id FROM employees e JOIN departments d USING (department_id) ; 4-27 Retrieving Records with the ON Clause SELECT e. employee_id, e. last_name, e. department_id, d. department_id, d. location_id FROM employees e JOIN departments d ON (e. department_id = d. department_id); Creating Three-Way Joins with the ON Clause SELECT employee_id, city, department_name FROM employees e JOIN departments d ON d. department_id = e. department_id JOIN locations l ON d. location_id = l. ocation_id; Chapter 5 Aggregating Data Using Group Functions Group Functions Syntax SELECT[column,] group_function(column), FROMtable [WHEREcondition] [GROUP BYcolumn]; 5-5 Using the AVG and SUM Functions You can use AVG and SUM for numeric data. SELECT AVG(salary), MAX(salary), MIN(salary), SUM(salary) FROM employees WHERE job_id LIKE %REP%; Using the MIN and MAX Functions You can use MIN and MAX for any data type. SELECT MIN(hire_date), MAX(hire_date) FROM employees; 5-7 Using the COUNT Function COUNT(*) returns the number of rows in a table. SELECT COUNT(*) FROM employees WHERE department_id = 50; Using the COUNT Function * COUNT(expr) returns the number of rows with non-null values for the expr. * Display the number of department values in the EMPLOYEES table, excluding the null values. SELECT COUNT(commission_pct) FROM employees WHERE department_id = 80; 5-9 Using the DISTINCT Keyword * COUNT(DISTINCT expr) returns the number of distinct non-null values of the expr. * Display the number of distinct department values in the EMPLOYEES table. SELECT COUNT(DISTINCT department_id) FROM employees; Creating Groups of Data The average salary in EMPLOYEES table for each department. Using the GROUP BY Clause All columns in the SELECT list that are not in group functions must be in the GROUP BY clause. SELECT department_id, AVG(salary) FROM employees GROUP BY department_id ; 5-15 Illegal Queries Using Group Functions Any column or expression in the SELECT list that is not an aggregate function must be in the GROUP BY clause. SELECT department_id, COUNT(last_name) FROM employees; SELECT department_id, COUNT(last_name) * ERROR at line 1: ORA-00937: not a single-group group function Illegal Queries Using Group Functions * You cannot use the WHERE clause to restrict groups. * You use the HAVING clause to restrict groups. You cannot use group functions in the WHERE clause. SELECT department_id, AVG(salary) FROM employees WHERE AVG(salary) 8000 GROUP BY department_id; WHERE AVG(salary) 8000 * ERROR at line 3: ORA-00934: group function is not allowed here Cannot use the WHERE clause to restrict groups 5-20 Using the HAVING Clause SELECT department_id, MAX(salary) FROM employees GROUP BY depart ment_id HAVING MAX(salary)10000 ; Nesting Group Functions Display the maximum average salary. SELECT MAX(AVG(salary)) FROM employees GROUP BY department_id; Chapter 6 Sub queries